CENTERS OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATION
Centers of ancient civilization means kingdoms that developed without external help. Some of these places include:
1.Nok
2.Igboukwu
3.Ile ife
4.Kanem Bornu.
NOK
Nok is an ancient culture which was known to be the first to produce terracotta sulptures of human heads and animals.The first Nok terracota was discovered by Colonel Dent Young in 1928, near the village of Nok in Kaduna state and the name Nok was derived from a Ham village in Jaba Local government in Kaduna.
Features of Nok Terracotta.
1.Nok sculptures had triangular shaped and bulgy eyes.
2. Their sculptures were not naturalistic in nature.
3.Their figurines were made in a seated form.
4. They made use of baked clay.
NOTE: TERRACOTTA ARE ARTWORKS MADE WITH BAKED CLAY.
Occupational Activities of Nok People.
They were good in farming, iron and tin mining/ smelting, that was how they survived.
TOPIC 2
ANCIENT HISTORIC STATES IN NIGERIA: ILE IFE.
Ile ife is an ancient historic state that is currently located in Osun state in south west , Nigeria.It is noted to be the ancestral home of the Yoruba or the holy city of the Yoruba.
Acoording to sources of history, Ile ife came about as being the first settlement of Oduduwa, who happened to be the ancestral father/diety and from there the yoruba people dispersed to other areas to form kingdoms making ile ife , a place of dispersion .
NOTE: MEANING OF ILE -IFE: PLACE OF DISPERSION.
Features of Ile ife Artworks
1. They made use of copper, brass, stone, and clay to produce artworks.
2.Their human heads had marks / striations .
3.Their artworks were naturalistic and more advanced.
Occupations of Ile ife people.
They were involved in these major activities for their survival:
1. Farming
2. Trade
3.Sculpture.
4.Wood carving
TOPIC 3: ANCIENT HISTORIC SITES: BENIN
Benin, currently, is located in Edo state , a state that is in southsouth geo political zone of Nigeria. It has been in existence for thousands of years.
According to sources, Benin kingdom was originally known as Igodomigodo and ruled by the ogisos also known kings of the sky. Their reign came to an end due to internal struggles for power and land , and it was handed over to Eweka who happened to be the son of Oranmiyan(Oranmiyan was the son of Oduduwa, the ancestral father/ founder of the Yoruba tribe). Eweka became the first oba of Benin kingdom. They speak edo language and hold their culture and traditons in high esteem.
Features of Benin Artworks/ Artifacts.
An artifact is a man made object with historical identiy and purpose. The following are characteristics of Benin artifacts:
1.They were made in beaded forms.
2. They were made with cast bronze and ivory.
3. Their terracotta heads showed more of royalty.
Occupational Activities of the Benin people
The people of Benin were farmers(having cultivated both food and cash crops),traders, and were skilled blacksmiths and bead makers.They were creative and industrious people.
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TOPIC 4:
ANCIENT HISTORIC SITES:IGBOUKWU
Igboukwu, presently is located in Anambra state, south east geopolitical zone of Nigeria.Igbo ukwu people speak igbo language.
According to sources of History, Igbo ukwu as an ancient city became notable some ancient items was discovered in the Anozie's compound as Isaiah dug wells to conserve water for the dry season. This discovery brought the British represented by Charles Thurston and which he named these sites accordingly using the names of the owners of the compounds,Igbo Isaiah,Igbo Richard and Igbo Jonah.
In Jonah's compound,a disposal pit with bronze objects, ornaments, rope pot and glass beads were found.
In Isaiah compound, ornamental regalia, beaded chains,an alter stand, were found.
In Richard compound, textiles, elephant tusk and a structure like tomb with human remains were discovered.
Igboukwu people were noted to be good craftsmen using bronze , copper, iron, and ceramics to make artifacts.
Occupational Activities of IgboUkwu
They were hunters, farmers, traders and good craftsmen .
TOPIC 5:
INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGY AND INTERGROUP RELATIONS.
Ok ma
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